What is the processing principle of a vertical lathe?

What is the difference between a vertical lathe and an automatic lathe? At first, we need to understand the machining principles of automatic lathes and CNC lathes. Automatic lathes use cam springs to carry cutting tools, while vertical lathes use programming to control tool movements. In terms of power, automatic lathes are much higher than CNC lathes, so the machining cost of automatic lathes is cheaper than that of CNC lathes. If the product is more complex and requires higher requirements, automatic lathes may not be able to do it, and only CNC lathes can be used to do it. However, its machining cost is higher than that of automatic lathes. For a product, we choose to use automatic lathes or CNC lathes for machining, and the important thing is still to see the difficulty of the product.

The process of CNC vertical turning machining is similar to that of general lathes, but due to the fact that CNC lathes are a one-time fixture and continuously automatic machining to complete the turning process, attention should be paid to the following aspects: for high-power metal cutting, the processed materials, cutting materials, and cutting conditions are the three major factors that determine processing time, tool life, and processing quality. An economically useful machining method is to fairly choose cutting conditions. The three factors of cutting conditions: cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting depth directly cause harm to the tool. With the progress of cutting speed, the temperature of the tool tip will rise, which will cause mechanical, chemical, and thermal wear.

If the cutting speed increases by 20%, the tool life will decrease by half. The feed condition is closely related to the wear on the back of the tool within a small range, but with a large feed rate, the cutting temperature rises, and the wear on the back of the tool is greater. Its impact on the tool is smaller than that of cutting speed. Although the impact of cutting depth on the tool is not as great as that of cutting speed and feed rate, in fine and deep cutting, a hardened layer is generated by the cutting material, which also affects the tool life.

Users need to choose the cutting speed to be used based on the data being processed, hardness, cutting situation, data type, feed rate, cutting depth, etc. The selection of the most suitable machining conditions for CNC vertical lathe is based on these elements. Choosing a CNC vertical lathe machining plant, a regular and stable wear reaching the desired lifespan is the condition. However, in practical work, the selection of tool lifespan is related to tool wear, changes in machining standards, surface quality, cutting noise, machining heat, etc. When machining conditions are selected, it is necessary to study them based on practical situations.

For difficult to process materials such as stainless steel and heat-resistant alloys, coolant or rigid cutting edges can be selected. Turning is a method of using the workpiece to rotate with respect to the tool on a CNC lathe to cut the workpiece. The cutting energy of turning is mainly supplied by the workpiece rather than the tool. Turning is a common cutting method for substrates. Turning is suitable for processing rotating surfaces. Most workpieces with rotating surfaces can be processed using turning methods, such as cylindrical surfaces, conical surfaces, end faces, grooves, threads, and rotating formed surfaces. The main tools used are turning tools.